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10th social Science History Chapter- 4 - The World After World War II ( world war 2) Book solutions
Unit-4 - HISTORY The World After World War II Book Question and answer notes
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Unit-4 - HISTORY
1.Outbreak Of World War I And Its Aftermath
2.The World Between Two World War
3.World War II
4.The World After World War II
5.Social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19Th Century
Choose the Correct Answer
1.Who was the first director of whom promilitary?
a) Sun Yat-Sen
c) Michael Borodin
b) Chiang Kai-Shek
d) Chou En Lai
Ans: b) Chiang Kai-Shek
2. Which American President followed the policy of containment of Communism?
a) Woodrow Wilson Social Science
c) Theodore Roosevelt
b) Franklin Roosevelt
d) Truman
Ans: b) Truman
3. When was People’s Political Consultative Conference held in China?
a) September 1959
c) September 1954
b) September 1948
d) September 1949
Ans: d) September 1949
4. The United States and European allies formed __________ to resist any Soviet aggression in Europe.
a) SEATO
c) SENTO
b) NATO
d) Warsaw Pact
Ans: b)NATO
5. Who became the Chairman of the PLO’s Executive Committee in 1969?
a) Hafez al-Assad
c) Saddam Hussein
b) Yasser Arafat
d) Nasser
Ans: b) Yasser Arafat
6.WhenwasNorthandSouthVietnamunited?
a) 1975 c) 1973 b) 1976 d) 1974
Ans: b) 1976
7. Where was Arab League formed?
a) Cairo
c) Lebanon
b) Jordan
d) Syria
Ans: a) Cairo
8. When was the Warsaw Pact dissolved?
a) 1979. c) 1990 b) 1989 d) 1991
Ans: 1991
Fill in the blanks
1. __________ was known as “The morning star of China”.
Ans: Dr. Sun Yat Sen
2.In 1918, the society for the study of Marxism was formed in __________ University.
Ans: Peking
3.After the death of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the leader of the Kuomintang party was __________.
Ans: Chiang Kai Sheik
4.__________ treaty is open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security in the region.
Ans: CENTO
5.The Treaty of __________ provided for mandates in Turkish -Arab Empire.
Ans: Versailles
6.Germany joined the NATO in __________.
Ans: 1955
7. __________ was the Headquarters of the Council of Europe.
Ans: Strasbourg
8. __________ treaty signed on February 7, 1992 created the European
Ans: Maastricht
Choose the Correct Statement
1. i)InChina(1898)the young emperor,under the influence of the educated minority, initiated a series of reforms known as the 100 days of reforms. (F)
ii)The Kuomintang Party represented the interests of the workers and peasants. (T)
iii)YuanShih kai had lost prestige in the eyes of nation a,whenheagreedto the demand of Japan to have economic control of Manchuria and Shantung. (T)
iv) Soviet Union refused to recognize the People’s Republic of China for more than two decades. (F)
a) (i) and (ii) are correct
c) (i) and (iii) are correct
b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
d) (i) and (iv) are correct
Ans: c) (i) and (ii) are correct
2. i) In 1948, the Soviets had established left wing government in the countries of Eastern Europe that had been liberated by the Soviet Army. (T)
ii)The chief objective of a to was to preserve peace and security Atlantic region. (T)
iii) The member countries of SEATO were committed to prevent democracy from gaining ground in the region. (F)
iv) Britain used the atomic bomb against Japan to convey its destructive capability to the USSR. (F)
a) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c) (iii) and (iv) are correct b) (i) and (ii) are correct
d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
Ans: b) (i) and (ii) are correct
3. Assertion (A) : America’s Marshall Plan was for reconstruction of the warravaged Europe.
Reason (R) : The US conceived the Marshal Plan to bring the countries in the WesternEuropeunderitsinfluence.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
d) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
Ans: c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Match the following
Ans: 1 – b, 2 – c, 3 – d, 4 – e, 5 – a
Answer briefly
1. Write any three causes for the Chinese Revolution of 1911?
The European presence in China and the defeat of Chinese produced hatred of foreigners.
The disintegration of the Manchu dynasty after the death of the Dowager - Empress in 1908 was one of the causes.
The new emperor was two years old. Using this situation, the provincial governors began to assert their independence.
In 1911, the local army mutinied and the revolt spread.
2. Explain how in 1928 Kuomintung and Chiang-Kai Shek established Central Government in China.
Chiang Kai Shek became the leader of the Kuomintang Party after the death of Sun Yat Sen.
As an avowed critic of communism, he removed all the Communists from important positions in the party.
The Kuomintang represented the interests of the landlords and capitalists.
Chiang Kai-shek started conquering China from Canon.
In 1928, he was successful in capturing Peking.
Once again, there was a central government in China.
3. Write a note on Mao’s Long March?
By 1933, Mao had gained full control of the Chinese Communist Party.
In 1934, the Communist Army of about 100,000 set out on the Long March.
The marches were continually harassed by Kuomintang forces, by local war lords and by unfriendly tribesmen.
Outof100,000,only20,000finallyreachedNorthernSheniaftercrossingnearly 6,000 miles.
4. What do you know of Baghdad Pact?
In 1955, Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran signed a pact known as Baghdad Pact.
In 1958, the United States joined the organisation and thereafter it came to be known as the Central Treaty of Organisation.
This treaty was open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security in the region.
CENTO was dissolved in 1979.
5. What was Marshall Plan?
The USA introduced the Marshall Plan to bring the countries in Western Europe underitsinfluence.
The plan sought to help the countries of Europe with American dollars to facilitate their early recovery from the destruction caused by the Second World War.
European nations received nearly $ 13 billion in aid with shipments of food, staples, fuel and machinery.
Marshall Plan funding ended in 1951.
6.The Suez Canal crisis confirmed that Israel had been created to serve the a us of western interests –Elaborate?
In 1956, Colonel Nasser – President of Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal.
With the failure of diplomacy, Britain and France decided to use force.
Israel saw this opportunity to open the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli shipping and put a stop to Egyptian border raids. So, on 29 Oct. 1956, Israeli forces invaded Egypt.
Britain used this opportunity to demand that its troops be allowed to occupy the canal some to protect the canal.
Egyptrefusedandon31Oct.1956,BritainandFrancebombedEgyptianairfields and other installations as well as the Suez Canal area.
However, under pressure of world opinion, Britain and France ended hostilities on Nov. 6, 1956.
7. Write a note on Third World Countries?
The capitalist countries led by the US were politically designated as the First World.
The Communist states led by the Soviet Union came to be known as the Second World.
States outside these two were called Third World.
The Third World principally consisted of the developing counties which are the former colonies of Africa, Asia and Latin America.
With the break of the Soviet Union in 1991, the term has lost its relevance.
8. How was the Cuban missile crisis defused?
In April 1961, an army of Cuban exiles on the island of Bay of Pigs.
The US bombed Cuban airfields with the objectives of overthrow’sregime.
In the mean time, the US government under Kennedy came to know that the USSR was secretly installing nuclear missiles in Cuba.
Finally, Khrushchev, President of the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw the missiles.
Thus the Cuban missile crisis defused.
Answer the following in detail
1. Estimate the role of Mao Tse tung in making China a communist country.
After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the ideas of Marx and Lenin became popular among the intellectuals.
Slowly, the Communist Party of China became popular under the leadership of Mao Tse Tung and Chou en Lai.
The Communist increased their influence among the workers and peas an obtained recruits for their army.
Mao had understood that Kuomintang grip on the towns was very strong. So, he concentrated his energies on organizing the peasantry.
The Communists led by Mao retreated into the wild mountain where they stayed for seven years.
The campaign against the communists was distracted as Chiang Kai Shek had to deal with the constant threat from Japan and also the attacks from war lords.
In 1934, the Communist Army of about 100,000 set out on the Long March. In 1935, after crossing 6,000 miles, only 20, ooo members reached northern Sheni.
By 1937, Mao had become the leader of over 10 million people of China.
With the surrender of the Japanese (1945), both the Kuomintang and the Communists tried to capture the power. In this race, Kuomintang was successful.
So, Mao was keen on obtaining the support of the middle class. In the mean time, he continued the use of guerrilla tactics and also ordered large scale military movements.
Cities fell one by one and Chiang Kai-shek’s army began to disintegrate quickly.
In the summer of 1948, Communist control was established in most of the parts of China. In 1949, the People’s Republic of China emerged under the leadership of Mao Tse-tung.
2. Attempt an essay on the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973.?
Ans : Arab-Israeli War – 1967:
The Palestinian Liberation Organisation was formed in 1964.
From that time onwards, Israel came to be attacked frequently by Palestinian guerrilla groups based in Syria, Lebanon and Jordon.
In Nov. 1966, an Israeli attacked the village of Al-Samu in Jordanian West Bank.
Israel’s air battle with Syria in April 1967 ended in the shooting down six Syrian MiGfighterjets.
Egypt in support Syria mobilized its forces in the Sinai and closed the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli shipping.
King Hussein of Jordan signed a mutual defence pact with Egypt.
Accordingly, it was decided to place Jordanian forces under Egyptian command. Soon Iraq also joined the alliance.
Arab-Israeli War – 1973:
Anwar Sadat, the President of Egypt and Nafez al-Assad, the President of Syria concluded a secret agreement in Jan. 1973. Their aim was to bring their armies under one command.
Anwar Sadat offered the Israelis a peace deal. Israel rejected the offer.
Egypt and Syria launched a sudden and surprise attack on the Yom Kippur religious holiday.
ThoughIsraelsufferedheavycasualties,itfinallypushedbacktheArabforces.
By way of mediation, the US succeeded in asserting its hegemony over the region and its oil. Its strategy of encouraging hostility between states and people resulted in a succession of wars – civil war in Lebanon, war between Iraq and Iran, Israel’s invasion of Lebanon and US – led war against Iraq.
3.Narrate the history of transformation of council of Europe into a Union?
One of the momentous decisions taken in the post World War II era was to integrate the states of Western Europe. The Europeans countries wanted -
i) to prevent further European wars by ending the rivalry between France and Germany.
ii) to create a united Europe to resist any threat from Soviet Russia.
iii) to form a third force in the world to counter-balance the strength of the US and USSR.
iv) to make full use of the economic and military resources of Europe by organizing them on a continental scale.
In May 1949 ten countries met in London and signed to form a Council of Europe. The Council of Europe with headquarters at Strasbourg was established.
Since, the Council of Europe had no real power, European Defence Community, European coal and Steel Community and European Economic community are established.
The Maastricht (Netherlands) Treaty signed on Feb. 1992 created the European Union.
The monetary policy and a common currency (Euro) to replace national currencies managed by common monetary institutions were subsequently planned and implemented.
Today, the European Union has 28 member states and functions from its headquarters at Brussels, Belgium.
10th social science unit-4
Timeline
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