10th social Science digital Guide
10th social Science Geography Chapter-2 - CLIMATE AND NATURAL VEGETATION OF INDIA Book solutions, Question and answer. You can Download PDF Class 10th Social Science notes,Guide for tamil medium and English medium. Tamil nadu samacheer Kalvi New syllabus 2020-2021
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10th class Geography Chapter-1 CLIMATE AND NATURAL VEGETATION OF INDIA Book back Question and answer Guide ,Notes
10th Social science Geography unit-1 CLIMATE AND NATURAL VEGETATION OF INDIA Book back Exercise Answer Guide
10th social Science BOOK EXERCISE
Choose the Correct Answer
Question 1. Meteorology is the science of __________.
a) Weather. b) Social. c) Political d) Human
Answer: a) Weather
Question 2. We wear cotton during __________.
a) Summer c) Rainy b) Northeast. d) Winter
Answer: a) Summer
Queation 3. Western disturbances cause rainfall in __________.
a) Tamilnadu c) Punjab
b) Kerala. d) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: c) Punjab
Question 4. __________ helps in quick ripening of mangoes along the coast of Kerala and Karnataka.
a) Loo
c) Mango showers
b) Norwester
d) Jet stream
Answer: c) Mango showers
Question 5. __________ is a line joining the places of equal rainfall.
a) Isohyets
b) Isobar
c) Isotherm
d) Latitudes
Answer: a) Isohyets
Question 6. Climate of India is labelled as __________.
a) Tropical humid
b) Equatorial climate
c) Tropical monsoon climate
d) Temperate climate
Answer: c) Tropical monsoon climate
Question 7. The monsoon forests are otherwise called as __________.
a) Tropical evergreen forest
c) Mangrove forest
b) Deciduous forest
d) Mountain forest
Answer: b) Deciduous forest
Question 8. __________ forests are found above 2400m Himalayas.
a) Deciduous forests
c) Mangrove forests
b) Alpine forests
d) Tidal forests
Answer: b) Alpine forests
Question 9. Sesahachalam hills, a Biosphere reserve is situated in __________.
a) Tamilnadu
c) Madhya Pradesh
b) Andhra Pradesh
d) Karnataka
Answer: b) Andhra Pradesh
Question 10.__________is not apart of the world network biosphere respect.
a) Nilgiri
c) Great Nicobar
b) Agasthiyamalai
d) Kachch
Answer: d) Kachvh
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Consider the given statement and choose the correct option from the given below ones
Question 1. Assertion (A) : Monsoons are a complex meteorological phenomenon.
Reason (R) : Meteorologists have developed a number of concepts about the origin of monsoons.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true; R explains A
b)Both (A) and (R) are true; R does not explains A
c) (A) is correct (R) is false
d) (A) is false (R) is true
Answer: a) Both (A) and (R) are true; R explains A
Quesyion 2. Assertion (A) : The Himalayas acts as a climatic barrier.
Reason (R) : The Himalayas prevents cold winds from Central Asia and keep the Indian sub-continent warm.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true; R explains A
b)Both (A) and (R) are true; R does not explains A
c) (A) is correct (R) is false
d) (A) is false (R) is true
Answer: a) Both (A) and (R) are true; R explains A
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Choose the inappropriate answer
Question 1. Tidal forests are found in and around __________.
a) Desert
b) The deltas of Ganga and Brahmaputra
c) The delta of Godavarai
d) The delta of Mahanadi
Answer : a) Desert
Question 2. Climate of India is affected by __________.
a) Latitudinal extent
c) Distance from the sea
b) Altitude
d) Soil
Answer : d) Soil
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Answer briefly
Question 1. Define–‘Meteorology’.
Answer:
The term meteorology is came from the Ancient Greek - meteor and logia. It means “the study of things high in the air”.
Meteorology is a branch of science concerned with the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere especially as a means of forecasting the weather.
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Question 2 .What is meant by‘Normal lapse rate’?
Answer :
When the altitude increases, the temperature decreases.
The temperature decreases at the rate of 6.5 C for every 1000 metres of ascent.
This is known as ‘Normal lapse rate’.
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Question 3. What are ‘Jet streams’?
Answer :
Jet streams are the fast moving winds blowing in a narrow zone in the upper atmosphere.
According to the Jet stream theory, the onset of southwest monsoon is driven by shift of the subtropical westerly jet from the plains of India towards the Tibetan plateau.
The easterly jet streams cause tropical depressions both during Southwest monsoon and retreating monsoon.
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Question 4. Write a short on ‘Monsoon wind’.
Answer :
The word ‘monsoon’ is derived from the Arabic word ‘Mausim’ which means season.
Originally this word was used by the Arab navigators several centuries ago.
It is used to describe a system of seasonal reversal of winds along the shores of the Indian Ocean especially over the Arabian sea.
It blows from the South-west to North-east during summer and from the Northeast to South-west during winter.
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Queation 5. Name the four distinct seasons of India.
Answer :
The four distinct seasons of India areWinter or Cold weather season .
Pre Monsoon or Summer or Hot weather season
South-west monsoon or Rainy season.
North-east monsoon season.
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Question 6. What is ‘Burst monsoon’?
Answer :
The sudden approach of monsoon wind over South India with lightning and thunder is termed as the ‘Break’ or ‘Burst of monsoon’.
It lowers the temperature of India to a large extent.
The monsoon wind strikes against the Southern tip of Indian land mass and get divided into two branches namely the Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.
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Question 7. Name the areas which receive heavy rainfall.
Answer :
The Western Coast,
Assam,
South Meghalaya,
Tripura, Nagaland and
Arunachal Pradesh are the heavy rainfall areas of India which get more than 200 cm rainfall.
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Question.8. State places of mangrove forest in India.
Answer:
These forests occur in and around the deltas, estuaries and creeks prone to tidal influence.
The delta of the Ganga–Brahmaputra has the largest mangrove forest.
Mangrove forests are also found in the deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna rivers.
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Question 9.name the trees of tropical evergreen forest
Answer:
.rubber rose wood cinchona iron wood mahogany coconut can descend are bony bamboo
Quesyion 10.write any five biosphere reserves in India
Answer :
| Biosphere reserves | state |
|---|---|
| 1.Gulf of Mannar. | Tamil Nadu |
| 2.The Nilgiris | Tamil Nadu |
| 3.agasthyamalai. | Kerala |
| 4.Sundarbans | West Bengal |
| 5.Cold desert | Himachal Pradesh |
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Question 11. What is ‘Project Tiger’?
Answer:
The Government of India has taken a lot of efforts to protect wild animals especially tigers
.One among them measure was ‘Project Tiger’ which was launched in April 1973.
Itsaimistoconservetigerpopulationinspecificallyconstituted‘TigerReserves’inIndia.
Thisprojectisbenefitedtremendouslywithanincreaseof60%from1973.
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Give reasons for the following topics
Questiin 1. Western coastal plain is narrow.
Answer :
Western Coastal Plain lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.
The distance between Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats is less.
The width of the coastal plain varies from 10 to 80 km.
So, the Western coastal plain is narrow.
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Question 2. India has a tropical monsoon climate.
Answer:
India has a tropical monsoon climate because most of India lies in the tropical belt.
High temperatures during summers and dry winters are some of the characteristics of the Monsoon types of climate.
TheclimateofIndiaisinfluencedbytheMonsoonwindswhichmainlyblowinthe tropics ie. 200 North and 200 South.
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Question 3. Mountains are cooler than the plains.
Answer:
The temperature decreases when the altitude increases.
Temperature decreases at the rate of 6.5 C for every 1000 metres of ascent.
So, the places in the mountains are cooler than the places on the plains.
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Write About details ( 10th geography 8 mark questions)
Question 1. Write about Southwest monsoon.
Answer :
TheSouthwestmonsoonisthemostsignificantfeatureoftheIndianclimate.
TheonsetofthemonsoontakesplacenormallybythefirstweekofJuneand covers the whole country by 15th July.
Prior to the onset of the Southwest monsoon, the temperature in North India reaches up to 46° C.
The sudden approach of monsoon wind over South India with lightning and thunder is termed as the ‘Burst of monsoon’.
It lowers the temperature of India to a large extent. The monsoon wind strikes against the Southern tip of Indian land mass and gets divided into two branches. They are
i) Arabian sea branch.
ii) Bay of Bengal branch.
i) Arabian Sea branch :
The Arabian Sea branch of Southwest monsoon given heavy rainfall of the West coast of India as it is located in the windward side of the Western Ghats.
The other part which advances towards North is obstructed by Himalayan mountains and results in heavy rainfall in North.
As the Aravalli Mountain is located parallel to the wind direction, Rajasthan and Western part do not get much rainfall from this branch.
Bay of Bengal branch :
The wind from Bay of Bengal branch moves towards North-east India and Myanmar.
This wind is trapped by a chain of mountains and gives heavy rainfall to the Eastern states.
Later on, this wind travel towards West which results in decreases in rainfall from east to West.
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Question 2. Describe the forest of India.
Answer:
The climate, soil and landform characteristics are the important environment controls of natural vegetation. On the basis of the above factors, the natural vegetation of India can be divided in to the following types.
Tropical Evergreen forest :
These forests are found in the region where the annual rainfall is more than 200 cm.
Karnataka, Kerala, Andaman–Nicobar islands, Assam, West Bengal and the Eastern states have this type of forests.
The most important trees of these forests are rubber, mahogany, ebony, rosewood, Xth Std coconut, chinchona, iron wood and cedar.
These forests are not fully exploited due to lack of transport facilities.
Tropical Deciduous forest :
These forests are found in the region with the annual rainfall of 100 to 200 cm.
Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana states have these forests.
The most important tress of these forests are sandalwood, rosewood, amla, padauk, bamboo, etc.
These forests are called as ‘Monsoon forests’.
Tropical Dry forest :
These forests are found in the areas with 50 to 100 cm annual rainfall.
Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Western Karnataka and East Tamilnadu have these forests.
The important vegetations are amaltas, banyan, bamboo, babool, etc,
These forests are known as ‘Tropical thorn forest’.
Mountain forest :
These forests are found in the mountainous ranges. On the basis of altitude and amountofrainfall,these forests are classified into two.
They are
(i) Eastern Himalayan forest and
(ii) Western Himalayan forest
The Easter Himalayan forests are found on the slopes of the mountains of North–eastern states.
The Western Himalayan forests are found in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
Other types of forests :
Alpine forests are found in the slopes of Himalayas with about 2400 m altitude.
Tidal forest found in and around the deltas and estuaries. These forests are known as ‘Sundarbans’.
Coastal forests or Littoral forests found along the coasts of Kerala and Goa.
These forests are found along the rivers on Khadar areas.
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Question 3. Write the names of biosphere reserves and their location in India.
Answer:
Biosphere reserves are protected areas of land coastal environment wherein people are an integral component of the system. The Indian government has established 18 biosphere reserves in India. It protects large areas of natural habitat.
| Biosphere reserves | State |
|---|---|
| 1.Gulf of Mannar. | Tamil Nadu |
| 2.The Nilgiris | Tamil Nadu |
| 3.Agasthyamalai | kerala |
| 4.Sesahachalam hills | Andrapradesh |
| 5.Pachmarhi | Madhya Pradesh |
| 6.Panna | Madhya Pradesh |
| 7.Achanakmar–Amarkantak | Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh |
| 8.Simlipal | .Odisha |
| 9.Katchch | Gujarat |
| 10.Nanda Devi | Uttarakhand |
| 11.Cold desert | Himachal Pradesh |
| 12.Sundarbans | .West Bengal |
| 13.Dibru Saishowa | Assam |
| 14.Manas | Assam |
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Map Work
1. Mark the following on the outline map of India
a) Direction of South-west monsoon wind.
b) Direction of North-east monsoon wind.
c) Areas of heavy rainfall.
d) Mountain forests.
e) Panna biosphere reserve.
f )Agasthiyamalai biosphere reserve.
