10th social Science unit-8 digital Guide - HISTORY - Nationalism: Gandhian Phase
10th social Science digital Guide
10th social Science History Chapter-8 - Nationalism: Gandhian Phase Book solutions Question and answer. You can Download PDF Class 10th Social Science notes,Guide for tamil medium and English medium. Tamil nadu samacheer Kalvi New syllabus 2020-2021
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10th social Science History Chapter-8 - Nationalism: Gandhian Phase Book solutions
Unit-8 - HISTORYNationalism: Gandhian Phase
Nationalism: Gandhian Phase
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. 2. Who was arrested during the an Tirol at to rotes two?
a) Motilal Nehru
b) Saifuddin Kitchlew
c) Mohamed Ali
d) Raj Kumar Shukla
Answer:b)Saifuddin Kitchlew
2.In which session of the Indian national congress was once old approved?
a) Bombay
b) Madras
c) Calcutta
d) Nagpur
Answer: c) Calcutta
3. Which among the following was declared as ‘Independence Day’?
a) 26th January 1930
b) 26th December 1929
c) 16th June 1946
d) 15th January 1947
Answer: a) 26th January 1930
4.when was the first forest act enacted?
a) 1858
b) 1911
c) 1865
d) 1936
Answer: c) 1865
5. On 8 January 1933 which day was observed ________.
a) Temple Entry Day
b) Day of Deliverance
c) Direct Action Day
d) Independence Day
Answer: a) Temple Entry Day
6. Which Act introduced Provincial Autonomy?
a) 1858 Act
b) Indian Councils Act, 1909
c) Government of India Act, 1919
d) Government of India Act, 1935
Answer:d) Government of India Act, 1935
II.Fill in the blanks.
1. Gandhi regarded ________ as his political guru.
Answer:Gopala Krishna Gokhale
2. Khilafat Movement was led by _______
Answer:MualanaMohamedAliandMaulana shaukatAli
3. Government of India Act 1919 introduced ________ in the provinces
. Answer: Dyarchy
4. The Civil Disobedience Movement in North West Frontier Province was led by ________.
Answer: Khan Abdul Ghaffer Khan
5. Ramsay Macdonald announced ________ which provided separate electorates to the minorities and the depressed classes.
Answer: Communal Award
6. ________ established Congress Radio underground during the Quit India Movement.
Answer:UshaMehta
III. Choose the correct statement.
1. (i) The Communist Party of India was founded in Tashkent in 1920. (T)
(ii) M. Singaravelar was tried in the Kanpur Conspiracy Case. (T)
(iii) The Congress Socialist Party was formed by Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev and Mino Masani. (T)
(iv) The Socialists did not participate in the Quit India Movement. (F)
a) (i) and (ii) are correct
b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
c) (iv) is correct
d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
Answer: d) i), ii) and iii) are correct
2. Assertion : The Congress attended the First Round Table Conference.
Reason : Gandhi-Irwin Pact enabled the Congress to attend the Second Round Table Conference.
a) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation
b) A is correct but R is wrong
c) A is wrong but R is correct
d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Ans:c)(A)is wrong but(R)is right
3. Assertion : The Congress Ministries resigned in 1939.
Reason : The Colonial government of India entered the war without consulting the elected Congress ministries.
a) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation
b) A is correct but R is wrong
c) Both A and R are wrong
d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Ans:d)Both(A)and(R)are correct and(R)is the right explanation
IV. Match the following.
1. Rowlatt Act – a) Surrender of titles
2.Non Cooperation Movement - b) Dyarchy
3.Government of India Act, 1919– c) M.N. Roy
4. Communist Party of India– d) Direct Action Day
5. 16th August 1946 –– e) Black Act
Answer: 1.e 2.a 3.b 4.c 5.d
V.Answerbriefly.
1. Describe the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
.In 1919, the anti-Rowlatt protest was intense in Punjab especially in Amritsar and Labore.
.The two prominent leaders of Punjab Dr.Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr.Satyapal were arrested in Amritsar.
.Against their arrest, on 13 April 1919, a public meeting was arranged at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.
.General Reginald Dyer surrounded the place with his troops and open people without any warning.
.According to official estimates,379 were killed and more than thousand injured.
2. Write a note on the Khilafat Movement.
.In the First World War, Turkey fought against England.
.At the end of war, harsh treatment was given to Turkey.
.The Caliph of Turkey who was considered the head of the Muslims of the world was removed from the power.
. In India, a movement was started his support called the Khilafat Movement.
.It was led by the Ali brothers – Maulana Mohamed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali.
.The movement aimed to restore the prestige and power of the Caliphate.
3. why did Gandhi withdraw the non cooperation?
.Gandhi introduced the Non Cooperation Movement in 1920 against the Jallianwal Bagh tragedy and Rowlatt Act.
.This movement greatly enhanced Gandhi’s reputation as a national leader.
.On 5th Feb. 1922, a procession of the nationalist at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh provoked as violent one.
.The police attacked the nationalists. So, the people burnt the police station along with 22 policemen.
.Gandhi immediately withdrew the movement when it turned as violent.
4.why was Simon commission boycotted?
.In 1927, the British Government announced the appointment of Simon Commission.
.It was composed of seven members headed by Sir John Simon.
.It was an all white commission with no Indian member.
.Indians were angered that they had been denied the right to decide their won constitution.
.All sections of the India including Congress and the Muslim League boycotted the Commission.
5.what is poor a swaraj?
.After the failure of the Simon Commission, majority of the leaders wanted to get complete independence from the British.
.The Lahore Congress session presided by Jawaharlal Nehru was held in Dec. 1929.
.In that session, Poorna Swaraj or Complete independence was declared as the goal of Congress.
.A pledge was taken all over the country to attain Poorna Swaraj through Civil Disobedience.
6.Write a note on BhagatSingh.
.Bhagat Singh was one of the comrades who reorganised the Hindustan Republic Army (HRA) in Punjab.
.Influenced by the socialist,it was renamed as Hindustan socialist republican a as in 1928.
.In 1929, Bhagat Singh along with B.K.Dutta threw a smoke bomb inside the Central Legislative Assembly.
.They also threw pamphlets and shouted ‘Inquilab Zindabad’ and ‘Long live the Proletariat’.
.He was arrested and sentenced to death.His dating and courage fired the imagine too the youth across India.
7. What are the terms of the Poona Pact?
The agreement that was between Gandhi and Ambedkar in 1932 was known as Poona Pact.
Its main terms were -
.The principle of separate electorates was abandoned. Instead, the principle of joint electorate was accepted with reservation of seats for the depressed classes.
.Reserved seats for the depressed classes were increased from 71 to 147. In the Central Legislature 18 per cent of the seats were reserved.
VI. Answer the following in detail.
1. Examine the factors that led to the transformation of Gandhi into a mass leader.
Gandhi, after his education in India, sailed to England in 1888 to study law. After becoming a barrister in 1891, he returned to India.
At that time,a Gujarati firm in SouthAfrica sought the services of Gandhi for legal help. So, Gandhi went to South Africa in 1893.
Gandhi in south Africa:
.In SouthAfrica,Gandhi faces racial discrimination for the first time.He launched a struggle against unjust laws.
.Gandhi called a meeting of the Indians in the Transvaal and exhorted them to form an association to seek redress of their grievances.
.Gandhi developed satyagraha (devotion to the truth) as a strategy. He experimented with it for fighting the issues of immigration and racial disc rim.
.Finally, he succeeded his attempt. By the Smuts-Gandhi Agreement, the Poll Tax on indentured labourers was abolished.
Champaran Sathyagraha:
.The real experiment of Satyagraha was started in April 1917 at Champaran in Bihar.
.The peasants were forced by the European planters to cultivate indigo on three twentieths of their land holdings.
.Gandhi went to Champaran and started Satyagraha. It was a successful one.
. It was followed by Ahmadabad mill strike (1918) and Mheda Satyagraha (1918) helped Gandhi establish himself as a leader of mass struggle.
NonCo-operationMovement:
.The great merit of Gandhi was that he brought the people into the limelight of Indian politics through the novel weapon of Satyagraha.
.Gandhi explained that Satyagraha was not mere passive resistance but an active mass resistance to unjust rule.
.The enactment of the Rowlatt Act in 1919 provided an opportunity to him to launch satyagraha at the national level. He started the Non co-operation Movement in 1920 which spread throughout the country.
Civil disobedience Movement:
.In 1930, this movement transformed into mass movement drawing all sections of the population including women to the streets.
.Thousands of people including Gandhi were arrested. Even after that, the British found to difficult to control the movement.
.The policies of Gandhi made him as a mass leader. Gandhi became the undisputed leader of the congress from 1920.
.Under his leadership, India got the independence on 15th Aug. 1947.
2. Critically examine the Civil Disobedience Movement as the typical example of Gandhian movement.
The Civil Disobedience Movement led by Gandhi in the year 1930 was an important milestone in the history of Indian Nationalism. The programs and policies adopted in the movement reflected the political ideologies of ahimsa and sat Yahweh.The essence of The Civil Disobedience Movement was defying of the British laws.
SaltSatyagraha
.Gandhi inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement on 12th March 1930 by conducting the historic Dandi Salt march.
.He started the march from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, Gujarat with 78 inmates.
.On 6th April 1930, Gandhi violated the salt law by picking up a fistful of salt the sea shore.
.Dandi Salt March had an immense impact on the entire nation. Each and every corner of the country was gripped in a unique fervour of nationalism.
.There were reports of Satyagrahas and law violation from Bombay, Central and United Provinces, Tamil Nadu, Bengal and Gujarat.
.The program of the Civil Disobedience Movement incorporated picketing of shops selling foreign goods and liquor,bonfire of cloth,refusal to pay taxes and avoidance of offices by the public officers and schools by the students
Features of the movement:
.Thus, the second struggle for attaining Swaraj launched by the Congress, under the guidance of Mahatma, served the critical function of mobilizing the masses on a large scale against the British.
.Although The Civil Disobedience Movement was given up in 1933, it was an important juncture in the history of Indian independence.
.the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi had a beneficial impact.Satyagraha was put on a firm footing through it's large scale usage in the movement.
.Last but not the least,India rediscovered it's inherent strength and confidence to crusade against the British for its freedom.
3. Discuss the reasons behind the partition of India.
The British Government followed Divide and Rule policy to separate the Muslims and Hindus and weaken the national movement. Partition of Bengal and Formation of Muslim League are the examples of Divide and Rule Policy. It ended with the partition of India in 1947.
Khilafat Movement:
.In 1919, the Indian Muslims started the Khilafat Movement against the British. In 1920, they accepted and adopted Gandhi’s Non Co-operation Movement.
. Gandhi suspended the Non co-operation Movement in 1922 because of Chauri chaura incident.
. Gandhi suspended the movement without discussing with the Muslim leaders. It infuriated them.
Nehru’sReport:
.In 1928, Nehru’s Report, prepared by Mothilal Nehru, was presented to the British government. Jinnah proposed an amendment and suggested Fourteen Points.
.Both of them were rejected in the All Party Conference.
.Jinnah who was hailed as Ambassador of Hindu-Muslims Unity thereafter changed his stand and began to support the causes of the Muslims.
Provincial Election:
.Provincial elections were held in 1937. Congress got the majority and formed ministry in seven provinces.
.The colonial government of India entered the World War without consulting the Congress ministries.
.So, the Congress ministries resigned in protest. Jinnah declared the day as “Day of Deliverance’ and demanded a separate state for the Muslims.
.
.Difference between the Congress and Muslim League developed year by year.
.The proposals of Caninet Mission were accepted by Muslims League and Congress. But, both interpreted in differently.
.So, Jinnah declared 16 Aug. 1946 as the ‘Direct Action Day’. Hartals and demonstrations took place which soon turned into communal classes between Hindus and Muslims
.There were lot bloodsheds in the country. Gandhi tried to bring peace but failed.
.So, partition of India became inevitable.
Partition of India:
. Interim government was formed in September 1946. After some hesitation, the Muslims League joined in it.
.Mount Batten, the last Viceroy of India came up with a plan to divide India into India Union and Pakistan.
. leaders accepted the plan. As per the plan, India was divided and got independence on 15 August 1947.
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