INDIA - POPULATION, TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATION & TRADE
GEOGRAPHY BOOK EXERCISE
"10th social science Guide English Medium"
Choose the Correct Answer
1. The scientific study of different aspects of population is called__________.
a) Photography
c) Choreography
b) Demography
d) Population density
Answer: b) Demography
2. The state with highest literacy rate as per 2011 census is _________.
a) Tamil Nadu
c) Kerala
b) Karnataka
d) Uttarpradesh
Answer: c) Kerala
3. Human Development is measured in terms of _________.
a) Human Resource Index
c) Human Development Index
b) Per capita index
Answer: c) Human Development Index
4. __________ transport provides door to door services.
a) Railways
c) Airways
b) Roadways
d) Waterways
Answer: b) Roadways
5. The length of Golden Quadrilateral superhighways in India is __________.
a) 5846 km
b) 5847 km
c) 5849 km
d) 5800 km
Answer: a) 5846 km
6. The length of navigable Inland waterways in India is __________.
a) 17,500 km
b) 5000 km
c) 14,500 km
d) 1000 km
Answer: c) 14,500 km
7.the national remote sensing centre (NRSC) is locatedat__________.
a) Bengaluru
c) Delhi
b) Chennai
d) Hyderabad
Answer: d) Hyderavad
8. The transport useful in the inaccessible areas is __________.
a) Roadways
c) Airways
b) Railways
d) Waterways
Answer: c) Airways
9. Which of the following is associated with helicopter service?
a) Air India
c) Vayudoot
b) Indian Airlines
d) Pavan Hans
10. The major import item of India is __________
. a) Cement
b) Jewells
c) Tea
Answer the following questions briefly
1. What is Human Development?
It is a process of enlarging the range of people’s choice, increasing their opportunities for education, health care, income and empowerment.
It covers the full range of human choices from a sound physical environment to economic, social and political freedom”.
It is an approach that is focused on people and their opportunities and choices.
2. What is migration? State its types.
Answer:
It is the movement of people across regions and territories. It can be
i) internal migration (within a country) or
ii) international (between the countries) migration.
Internal migration does not change the size of population of a country but it influencesthedistributionofpopulationinanation.
International migration does not have much impact on the population of a country.
3. Write any four advantages of railways.
Answer:
It helps us in moving bulk goods such as iron ore, coal mineral oil, etc., from one centre to another.
Railways serve as chief mode of transport for both passengers and goods.
It forms a major employment sector giving jobs to lakhs of people.
It helps in agricultural development by connecting urban to rural areas. It helps in connecting famines by quick movement of essential commodities.
Question 4. Write a note on Pipeline network transport in India.
Answer:
Pipelines provided a very convenient mode of transport to connect oil and natural gas fields,refineries and to the markets.
In the past, these were used to transport water and mineral oil to cities and industries. Now solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.
The initial cost of laying pipeline is high but subsequent running cost is less.
It ensures steady supply of goods and reduces the delays are the major advantages of pipeline transport.
OilfieldinupperAssamtoKanpur,fromSalayainGujarattoJalandharinPunjab and gas pipeline from the Hazira in Gujarat ot Jagadispur in Uttar Pradesh are the three important network large network of pipeline in the country.
5. State the major Inland waterways of India.
Answer:
The major waterways are national waterway1:
It extends between Haldia and Allahabad, measures 1620 km and includes the stretches of the Ganga- Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system.
national waterway 2:
This waterway includes the stretch of the Brahmaputra river between Dhubri and Sadiya a distance of 891 km.
NationalWaterway3:
This waterway extends between Kollam and Kottapuram inthestateofKerala.It is the first national waterway in the country with 24 hour navigation facilities along its entire stretch of 205 km.
Question 6. What is communication? What are its types?
Answer:
Communication is a process that involves exchange of information, thoughts and ideas.Technology does wonders in communication fields.
Communication is categorized in to personal and mass communications.
The exchange of information between the inviduals is called personal communication. Example
Postal letters, telephones, mobile phones, etc. Communication that helps millions of people to get the information at the same time is known as mass communication. Example - News papers, radios, televisions, etc.
Question 7. Define“Internationaltrade”.
Answer:
Trade carried on between two or more countries is called International trade. It is also called as external trade or foreign trade. Export and Import are two components of International trade.
8. State the merits of Roadways.
Roads play an important role in carrying goods and passengers for short, medium and long distances.
It is highly suitable for short distance services.
It is comparatively easy and cheap to contract and maintain roads. Roadtransportsystemcanestablisheasycontactbetweenfarms,fields,factories and markets and can provide door to door transport services.
Answer the following in a Paragraph
1. What is urbanization? Explain its impacts.
The process of society’s transformation from rural to urban is known as urbanization. The level of urbanization of a place is assessed based on the size of population of the towns and cities and the proportion of population engaged in non agricultural sectors.
Impact of urbanization:
Urbanization and population concentration go hand–in–hand and are closely related to each other.
A rapid rate of urbanization in a society is taken as an indicator of its economic development. Urbanization is increasing rapidly in the developing countries including India. Rural to urban migration leads to population explosion in urban areas.
By2030,morethan50%ofIndia’spopulationisexpectedtoliveinurbanareas.
The following are the major problems of urbanization in India.
i) It creates urban sprawl.
ii) It makes overcrowding in urban centres.
iii) It leads to shortage of houses in urban areas.
iv) It leads to the formation of slums.
v)Itincreasestrafficcongestionincities.
vi) It creates water scarcity in cities.
vii) It creates drainage problem.
viii) It poses the problem of solid waste management.
ix) It increases the rate of crime.
2. Explain the importances of satellite communication in India.
The use of Satellite in getting a continuous and synoptic view of larger area has made this communication system very vital for the country.
Satellite images are used for weather forecasting, monitoring of natural calamities, surveillance of border areas etc.
The communication through satellites emerged as a new era in communication in our country after the establishment of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969.
Satellite system in India can be grouped into two-the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite System (IRS).
The INSAT, established in 1983, is a multipurpose system for telecommunication, meteorological observation and for various other programs.
The INSAT series are used for relaying signals to television, telephone, radio, mobile phone.
It is also useful in weather detection, internet and military applications.
The INSAT series, GSAT series, KALPANA-1, HAMSAT, EDUSAT are the major communication satellite used for communication purpose.
INSAT-1 Blanched on 30th August 1983 is the first communication satellite in INSAT series.
GSAT–7A is the recent launch (December 19, 2018) for communication programs.
3. Bring out the distribution and density of population in India.
The term ‘Population Distribution’ refers to the way the people are spaced over the earth’s surface.
The distribution of population in India is quite uneven because of the vast variation in the availability of resources.
Population is mostly concentrated in the regions of industrial centres and the good agricultural lands.
Availability of fertile regions for agriculture, centres of employment opportunity plays a major role in the concentration of population. On the other hand, the areas such as high mountains, arid lands, thickly forested areas and some remote corners are very thinly populated and some areas are even uninhabited.
Terrain, climate, soil, water bodies, mineral resources, industries, transport and urbanization are the major factors which affect the distribution of population in our country. The uneven distribution of population in the country is the result of several factors such as physical, socio-economic and historical ones. The physical factors include relief, climate, water, natural vegetation, minerals and energy resources. Socio-economic factors consists of the religion, culture, political issues, economy,
human settlements, transport network, industrialization, urbanization, employment opportunity etc Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in the country followed by Maharashtra (,Bihar(103.8million)west Bengal and the combined Andhra Pradesh.These five states account for about half of the country’s population. More than one fourth of the population live only in the two states of U.P and Maharashtra. Sikkim is the least populous state of India. Delhi with 16.75 million population tops among the Union territories.
4. Explain the process of measuring Human Development.
It is a process of enlarging the range of people’s choice, increasing their opportunities for education, health care, income and empowerment.
It covers the full range of human choices from a sound physical environment to economic, social and political freedom.
It is an approach that is focused on people and their opportunities and choices.
Human Development Indicators:
Population trends, health outcomes, education achievements, national income and composition of resources, work and employment, human security, human and capital mobility are supplementary indicators. Perceptions of well-being and status of fundamental rights treaties are the human development indicators.
Measuring of Human development:
Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index focusing on three basic dimensions of human development.
They are
i) Health - Life expectancy at birth
ii) Education - Expected years of schooling for school age children and average years of schooling for the adult population.
iii) Income - Measured by gross national income and percapita income.
5. Classify and explain the roadways in India.
Roads play an important role in carrying goods and passengers for short, medium and long distances. It is highly suitable for short distance services. For the purpose of construction and main ten,roads are classified into
National Highways,
State Highways,
District roads,
Border Roads and
NationalHighways:
Rural roads,
International Highways
National Highways are running through length and breadth of the country connecting capitals of states, major ports, rail junctions, industrial and tourist centres.
Ministry of Road and transport and Highways of India is responsible for the development and maintenance of National Highways.
State Highways :
The state highways are usually roads that link important cities, towns and district head quarters within the state.
They connect them with national highways or highways of neighbouring states. These roads are administered and financed by
state governments. District Roads :
District Roads provide connectivity between the district and taluk headquarters with the state highways and national highways.
District Roads are constructed and maintained by the Public Works Department of the states.
Rural Roads (Village Roads) :
Rural roads connectivity is a key component of rural development.
It links the different villages with their neighbouring towns.
They are maintained by Village Panchayats. Border Roads :
These are the roads of strategic importance in border areas. They are constructed and maintained by Border Roads Organization.
It was established for the development of the roads of strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern border areas.
Golden Quadrilateral is a project launched to connect India’s four metropolitan cities- Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai-Delhi in 1999. Expressways:
These are multi lane good quality highways for high speed traffic.
Some of the important expressways are-
(i) Mumbai-Pune Road,
(ii) Kolkata-Dumdum Airport road
(iii) Durgapur-Kolkata road and
(iv) Yamuna expressway between Delhi and Agra.
International Highways:
These are the roads that link India with neighbouring countries for promoting harmonious relationship with them. These highways have been constructed with an aid from World Bank.
These roads connect important highways of India with those of the neighbouring countries such as Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Road density is the highest in Kerala and lowest in Jammu & Kashmir.
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