INDIA - POPULATION, TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATION & TRADE 
GEOGRAPHY BOOK EXERCISE  

"10th social science Guide English Medium"

Choose the Correct Answer

 1. The scientific study of different aspects of population is called__________. 
a)  Photography 
c)  Choreography 
b)  Demography 
d)  Population density  
Answer:  b) Demography 

2.  The state  with highest literacy rate as per 2011  census is _________.
 a)  Tamil Nadu 
c)  Kerala 
b)  Karnataka 
d)  Uttarpradesh 
Answer:  c) Kerala

 3.  Human Development  is measured in terms of _________. 
a)  Human Resource Index 
c)  Human Development Index
 b)  Per capita index 
 Answer:  c) Human Development  Index 

4.  __________ transport provides door to door services.
 a)  Railways
 c)  Airways
 b)  Roadways
 d)  Waterways  
Answer:  b) Roadways 

5.  The length of Golden Quadrilateral superhighways in India is __________. 
a)  5846 km 
 b)  5847 km
 c)  5849 km 
d)  5800 km  
Answer:  a) 5846 km

 6.  The length of navigable Inland waterways in India is __________. 
a)  17,500 km  
b)  5000 km 
c)  14,500 km
 d)  1000 km  
Answer:  c) 14,500 km 

7.the national remote sensing centre (NRSC) is locatedat__________. 
a)  Bengaluru
 c)  Delhi
 b)  Chennai 
d)  Hyderabad  
Answer:  d) Hyderavad 

8.  The transport useful in the inaccessible areas is __________. 
a)  Roadways
 c)  Airways 
b)  Railways 
d)  Waterways
  Answer:  c) Airways

9.  Which of  the following is associated with helicopter service? 
 a)  Air India 
c)  Vayudoot 
b)  Indian Airlines 
d)  Pavan Hans  

10.  The major import item  of India is __________
. a)  Cement 
b)  Jewells 
c)  Tea 


  Answer the following questions briefly

 1.  What is Human Development?
 It is a  process  of enlarging  the range  of people’s choice,  increasing  their opportunities for education, health care, income and empowerment. 
It covers the full  range  of human  choices from  a sound  physical  environment  to economic, social and political freedom”.
 It is an approach that is focused on people and their opportunities and choices.

2.  What is migration? State its types. 
Answer:
 It is  the  movement of people  across regions  and  territories. It can  be  
i)      internal migration  (within  a country) or
 ii)  international  (between  the countries) migration. 
Internal migration  does not change  the size of population  of a country but it influencesthedistributionofpopulationinanation.
 International  migration  does not have much  impact  on  the  population  of a  country.  

3.  Write any four advantages of railways. 
Answer:
It helps us in  moving  bulk  goods such as iron  ore, coal mineral  oil,  etc.,  from  one centre to another. 
Railways serve as chief mode of transport for both passengers and goods. 
It forms a major employment sector giving jobs to lakhs of people. 
It helps in agricultural development by connecting urban to rural areas. It helps in connecting famines by quick movement of essential commodities.

Question 4.  Write a note on Pipeline network transport in India. 
Answer:
Pipelines  provided  a  very convenient mode  of transport to connect oil  and  natural gas fields,refineries and to the markets. 
In  the past, these were used to transport water  and  mineral  oil  to cities and industries.  Now solids  can  also  be transported through  a  pipeline  when  converted into slurry. 
The initial cost of laying pipeline is high but subsequent running cost is less. 
It  ensures steady supply  of  goods  and  reduces the  delays  are  the  major  advantages of pipeline transport. 
OilfieldinupperAssamtoKanpur,fromSalayainGujarattoJalandharinPunjab and  gas  pipeline  from  the Hazira  in  Gujarat ot Jagadispur  in  Uttar Pradesh  are the three important network large network of pipeline in the country. 

5.  State the  major Inland waterways of India.
Answer:
  The major waterways are national waterway1:  
          It extends between  Haldia  and  Allahabad,  measures 1620 km and includes the stretches of the Ganga- Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system.
  national waterway 2:  
         This  waterway  includes  the stretch of the Brahmaputra river between Dhubri and Sadiya a distance of 891 km. 
 NationalWaterway3:  
         This  waterway  extends between Kollam  and  Kottapuram inthestateofKerala.It is the first national waterway in the country with 24 hour navigation facilities along its entire stretch of 205 km. 

Question 6.  What is communication? What are its types? 
Answer:
Communication  is  a  process  that involves exchange  of  information,  thoughts  and ideas.Technology does wonders in communication fields.

Communication is categorized in to personal and mass communications.
 The exchange of information between the inviduals is called personal communication.  Example 
Postal letters, telephones, mobile phones, etc. Communication that helps  millions  of people  to get the information  at the same time is  known  as mass communication.   Example  -  News  papers, radios,  televisions,  etc.

 Question 7. Define“Internationaltrade”. 
Answer:
Trade  carried  on  between two or  more  countries is  called  International  trade. It is  also  called  as  external  trade  or  foreign  trade.  Export and  Import  are  two components of International trade. 

8.  State the  merits of Roadways.

 Roads  play  an  important  role  in  carrying  goods  and  passengers for  short,  medium and long distances. 
It is highly suitable for short distance services.
 It is comparatively easy and cheap to contract and maintain roads. Roadtransportsystemcanestablisheasycontactbetweenfarms,fields,factories and markets and can provide door to door transport services.

Answer the following in a Paragraph

1. What is urbanization? Explain its impacts. 
 
        The process of society’s transformation from rural to urban is known as urbanization. The level of urbanization of a place is assessed based on the size of population of the towns and cities and the proportion of population engaged in non agricultural sectors. 
Impact of urbanization:
   Urbanization and population concentration go hand–in–hand and are closely related to each other.
    A rapid rate of urbanization in a society is taken as an indicator of its economic development. Urbanization is increasing rapidly in the developing countries including India.              Rural to urban migration leads to population explosion in urban areas. 
   By2030,morethan50%ofIndia’spopulationisexpectedtoliveinurbanareas.
The following are the major problems of urbanization in India. 
i) It creates urban sprawl.
ii) It makes overcrowding in urban centres.
iii) It leads to shortage of houses in urban areas.
iv) It leads to the formation of slums.
v)Itincreasestrafficcongestionincities.
vi) It creates water scarcity in cities.
vii)  It creates drainage problem. 
viii) It poses the problem of  solid waste management. 
ix)  It increases the rate of crime.

 2.  Explain the importances of satellite communication in India.

 The  use  of  Satellite in  getting  a  continuous  and  synoptic  view  of  larger  area  has made this communication system very vital for the country. 
Satellite images are used for weather  forecasting, monitoring  of natural  calamities, surveillance of border areas etc. 
The communication  through  satellites  emerged as a new era in  communication  in our country after  the establishment of Indian  Space Research Organization  (ISRO) in 1969. 
Satellite system  in  India  can  be  grouped  into  two-the  Indian  National  Satellite System (INSAT) and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite System (IRS). 
The  INSAT,  established  in  1983,  is  a  multipurpose  system  for telecommunication, meteorological observation and for various other programs. 
The  INSAT  series are used  for relaying  signals  to television,  telephone,  radio, mobile phone.
 It is also useful in weather detection, internet and military applications.
 The  INSAT  series,  GSAT  series, KALPANA-1,  HAMSAT,  EDUSAT  are the major communication satellite used for communication purpose. 
INSAT-1 Blanched on 30th August 1983 is the first communication satellite in INSAT series. 
GSAT–7A is the recent launch (December 19, 2018) for communication programs. 

3.  Bring out the distribution and density of population in India. 

The  term ‘Population  Distribution’  refers to  the  way  the  people  are  spaced  over the earth’s surface. 
The distribution  of population  in  India  is  quite  uneven because of the vast variation  in  the availability of resources.  
Population  is  mostly concentrated in the regions  of  industrial  centres and  the good  agricultural  lands. 
 Availability  of fertile regions  for agriculture, centres of employment opportunity plays a  major  role  in  the concentration of population. On  the  other hand,  the areas such  as  high  mountains,  arid  lands,  thickly  forested areas and  some remote  corners  are very thinly  populated and  some areas are even uninhabited. 
Terrain,  climate,  soil,  water bodies,  mineral  resources, industries,  transport and  urbanization  are the major factors  which  affect  the distribution  of population  in  our country. The  uneven  distribution  of  population  in  the  country  is  the result  of  several  factors  such as physical,  socio-economic and  historical  ones. The physical  factors  include  relief,  climate,  water,  natural  vegetation,  minerals  and  energy  resources.  Socio-economic factors  consists of the religion,  culture, political  issues, economy, 
human  settlements, transport network, industrialization,  urbanization,  employment  opportunity etc Uttar Pradesh  is  the most populous  state  in  the country followed  by Maharashtra (,Bihar(103.8million)west Bengal and the combined Andhra Pradesh.These five states  account for about  half of the country’s population.  More than  one  fourth of the population live only in the two states of U.P and Maharashtra. Sikkim  is the least populous state  of India.  Delhi  with 16.75 million  population  tops among the Union territories. 

4.  Explain the process of measuring Human Development. 

It is a  process  of enlarging  the range  of people’s choice,  increasing  their opportunities for education, health care, income and empowerment.
 It covers the full  range  of human  choices from  a sound  physical  environment  to economic, social and political freedom. 
It is an approach that is focused on people and their opportunities and choices. 
Human Development Indicators:  
Population  trends,  health  outcomes, education  achievements, national  income and  composition  of resources,  work and  employment,  human  security,  human  and capital mobility are supplementary indicators. Perceptions of well-being  and  status  of fundamental  rights treaties are the human development indicators. 
Measuring of Human development:
 Human  Development Index (HDI) is a composite  index  focusing  on  three  basic dimensions of human development.  
They are
 i) Health - Life expectancy  at birth 
ii)    Education - Expected  years  of schooling  for school age children and  average years of schooling for the adult population.
 iii)  Income - Measured by gross national income and percapita income. 

5.  Classify  and explain the roadways in India. 
      
Roads  play  an  important  role  in  carrying  goods  and  passengers  for short, medium and long distances. It is highly suitable for short distance services. For the purpose of construction and main ten,roads are classified into
  National Highways,  
  State Highways,
   District roads,    
  Border Roads and   
 NationalHighways: 
  Rural roads, 
  International Highways 
National Highways are running through length and breadth of the country connecting capitals of states, major ports, rail junctions, industrial and tourist centres.

Ministry  of Road  and  transport and  Highways of India  is  responsible  for the development and maintenance of National Highways. 
State Highways :
 The state  highways are usually  roads that link  important cities, towns and  district head quarters within the state. 
They connect them with national highways or highways of neighbouring states. These roads are administered and financed by 
state governments. District Roads :
 District  Roads provide  connectivity between  the district and  taluk  headquarters with the state highways and national highways. 
District  Roads  are constructed  and  maintained  by  the Public  Works Department  of the states. 
Rural Roads (Village Roads) : 
Rural roads connectivity is a key component of rural development. 
It links the different villages with their neighbouring towns. 
They are maintained by Village Panchayats. Border Roads :
 These are the roads  of strategic importance in  border areas. They  are constructed and maintained by Border Roads Organization. 
It was established  for the development of the roads of strategic importance in  the northern and north-eastern border areas. 
Golden  Quadrilateral  is a project  launched  to connect  India’s four metropolitan cities- Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai-Delhi in 1999. Expressways:
 These are multi lane good quality highways for high speed traffic. 
Some of the important expressways are- 
(i)  Mumbai-Pune Road, 
(ii)  Kolkata-Dumdum Airport road
 (iii)  Durgapur-Kolkata road and
 (iv)  Yamuna expressway between Delhi and Agra. 
International Highways: 
These are the  roads  that link  India  with  neighbouring  countries for promoting harmonious  relationship  with  them.  These highways have been constructed  with an aid from World Bank.
 These roads  connect important  highways of India  with  those of the neighbouring countries such as Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. 
Road density is the highest in Kerala and lowest in Jammu & Kashmir.