12th Economics Book Back Question and Answer Tamil Medium & English Medium
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12th Economics Book Back Question and Answer Tamil Medium & English Medium
- Chapter 10 Environmental Economics
Introduction
- Environmental economics (EE)
is the study of interactions between
human economic activity and the
natural environment. EE is the subset
of economics that is concerned with the
efficient allocation of environmental
resources. The environment provides
both a direct value as well as raw material
intended for economic activity, thus
making the environment and the economy
interdependent.
- EE takes into consideration issues
such as the conservation and valuation of
natural resources, pollution control, waste
management and recycling. Since
resources – whether human, natural, or
monetary –are finite, these public policies
are most effective only when they achieve
the maximum possible benefit in the most
efficient way.
- The key objective of EE is to identify
those particular tools or policyalternatives that will move the market towards themost efficient allocation of natural resources.
Meaning of Environment
- The term environment has been
derived from a French word “Environia”
means to surround. Environment means
“all the conditions, circumstances, and
influences surrounding and affecting the
development of an organism or group of
organisms”. It also means that the complex
of physical, chemical and biotic factors
that act upon an organism or an ecological
community ultimately determine its form
and survival.
Meaning of Environmental Economics
- It is a different branch of economics
that recognizes the value of both the
environment and economic activity and
makes choices based on those values. The
goal is to balance the economic activity
and the environmental impacts by taking
into account all the costs and benefits.
In short, Environmental Economics is
an area of economics that studies the
financial impact of environmental issues
and policies.
Environmental Economics involves
theoretical and empirical studies of the
economic effects of national or local
environmental policies around the world.
Multiple choice questions
1. The term environment has been
derived from a French word-----------.
a. Environ
b. Environs
c. Environia
d. Envir
2. The word biotic means environment
a. living
b. non-living
c. physical
d. None of the above
3. Ecosystem is smallest unit of
a. Ionosphere
b. Lithosphere
c. Biosphere
d. Mesosphere
4. Who developed Material Balance
Models?
a. Thomas and Picardy
b. AlenKneese and R.V. Ayres
c. Joan Robinson and J.M. Keynes
d. Joseph Stiglitz and Edward
Chamberlin
5. Environmental goods are --------------
a. Market goods
b. Non-market goods
c. Both
d. None of the above
6. In a pure public good, consumption is
-----------------
a. Rival
b. Non-rival
c. Both
d. None of the above
7. One of the most important market
failures is caused by ------------
a. Positive externalities
b. Negative externalities
c. Both
d. None of the above
8. The common source of outdoor air
pollution is caused by combustion
processes from the following----------
a. Heating and cooking
b. Traditional stoves
c. Motor vehicles
d. All the above
9. The major contributor of Carbon
monoxide is
a. Automobiles
b. Industrial process
c. Stationary fuel combustion
d. None of the above
10. Which one of the following causes of
global warming?
a. Earth gravitation force
b. Oxygen
c. Centripetal force
d. Increasing temperature
11. Which of the following is responsible
for protecting humans from harmful
ultraviolet rays?
a. UV-A
b. UV-C
c. Ozone layer
d. None of the above
12. Global warming also refers to as
a. Ecological change
b. Climate Change
c. Atmosphere change
d. None of the above
13. Which of the following is the
anticipated effect of Global warming?
a. Rising sea levels
b. Changing precipitation
c. Expansion of deserts
d. All of the above
14. The process of nutrient enrichment is
termed as
a. Eutrophication
b. Limiting nutrients
c. Enrichment
d. Schistosomiasis
15. Primary cause of Soil pollution is
----------------
a. Pest control measures
b. Land reclamation
c. Agricultural runoff
d. Chemical fertilizer
16. Which of the following is main cause
for deforestation?
a. Timber harvesting industry
b. Natural afforestation
c. Soil stabilization
d. Climate stabilization
17. Electronic waste is commonly
referred as ----------
a. solid waste
b. composite waste
c. e-waste
d. hospital waste
18. Acid rain is one of the consequences
of ------------Air pollution
a. Water Pollution
b. Land pollution
c. Noise pollution
19. Sustainable Development Goals and
targets are to be achieved by -------
a. 2020
b. 2025
c. 2030
d. 2050
20. Alkali soils are predominantly located
in the ------------ plains?
a. Indus-Ganga
b. North-Indian
c. Gangetic plains
d. All the above
Part - B
Answer the following questions in one or two sentences
21. State the meaning of environment.
22. What do you mean by ecosystem?
23. Mention the countries where per capita carbondioxide emission is the highest
in the world.
24. What are environmental goods? Give examples.
25. What are the remedial measures to control noise pollution?
26. Define Global warming.
27. Specify the meaning of seed ball.
Part-C
Answer the following questions in one paragraph.
28.Brief the linkage between economy and environment.
29.Specify the meaning of material balance principle.
30. Explain different types of air pollution.
31.What are the causes of water pollution?
32. State the meaning of e-waste.
33. What is land pollution? Mention the causes of land pollution.
34.Write a note on a) Climate change and b) Acid rain
Part-D
Answer the following questions in about a page.
35. Briefly explain the relationship between GDP growth and the quality of
environment.
36. Explain the concepts of externality and its classification
37. Explain the importance of sustainable development and its goals.
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