10th Geography Guide Unit-7.Human Geography of Tamil Nadu
Unit-7 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. The delta which is known as Granary of South India is ________.
a) Cauvery delta
b) Mahanadi delta
c) Godavari delta
d) Krishna delta
Answer: a) Cauvery delta
2. Second staple food of the people of Tamil Nadu is ________.
a) Pulses
b) Millets
c) Oilseeds
d) Rice
Answer: b) Millets
3. A major hydro-electric power project of Tamil Nadu is ________.
a) Mettur
b) Papansam
c) Sathanur
d) Thungabahdra
Answer: a) Mettur
4. Number of major and minor ports in Tamil Nadu are ________.
a) 3 and 15
b) 4 and 15
c) 3 and 16
d) 4 and 15
Answer: a) 3 and 15
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. Agriculture of Tamil Nadu constitutes ________ % of its economy.
Ans: 21
2.Sathanur dam is constructed across the river ________.
Answer: Thenpennai
3. ________ is the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi.
Answer: Chennai International Airport
4. The difference between the value of exports and imports is called ________.
Answer: Balance Trade
III. Match the following:
1. Bauxite – a) Salem
2. Gypsum – b) Servaroy hills
3. Iron – c) Coimbatore
4. Limestone – d) Tiruchirapalli
Answer: 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.c
IV. Questions 1-2 are assertion and reasoning type.
1. Assertion (A) : Coimbatore, Tiruppur and Erode region is called as The Textile Valley of Tamil Nadu.
Reason (R) : They contribute a major share to the states economy through textiles.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but, (R) does not explain (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
2. Assertion (A) : The Nilgiris is the least populated district of Tamil Nadu
Reason (R) : It is located in the western most part of Tamil Nadu.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but, (R) does not explain (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is false
Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R)are true but, (R) does not explain (A)
V. Answer the following in brief.
1. Why is Coimbatore called the Manchester of Tamil Nadu?
. Manchester, a town in England is famous for spinning units and textile goods.
.In Tamil Nadu, the climate of Coimbatore is perfect for yarn production. A.bove all, more than 1000 spinning units are there in and around Coimbatore.
. It is also well known for marketing of handloom, power loom and readymade garments.
.So, Coimbatore is known as the ‘Manchester of Tamil Nadu’.
2.. Name the important multipurpose projects of Tamil Nadu.
. Multipurpose river valley projects are basically designed for the development of irrigation for agriculture and hydropower generation.
The important multipurpose projects of Tamil Nadu are
. Mettur Dam
. Mullaiperiyar Dam
. Vaigai Dam
. Krishnagiri Dam
.Amaravathi Dam
. Papanasam Dam
. Parampikulam Aliyar Project
. Bhavani Sagar Dam
. Manimuthar Dam
. Sathanur Dam
3. What is MRTS?
.Tamil Nadu has a well-developed rail network as part of Southern Railway, headquartered at Chennai.
.Chennai has a well-established suburban railway network, a Mass rapid transport system (MRTS) and is currently developing a Metro system, with its first underground stretch in operation since May 2017
4. List out the air ports and sea ports of Tamil Nadu.
. Tamil Nadu has four major international airports.
They are - Chennai Coimbatore, Madurai and Tiruchirapalli airports. It also has domestic airports at Tuticorin and Salem
.Tamil Nadu has three major ports. They are in Chennai, Ennore and Tuticorin. It has an intermediate port at Nagapattinam and 15 minor ports.
VII. Give Reasons for the following.
1. Farmers switch over from inorganic to organic farming.
. Organically grown food items are better nutrition, helps us stay healthy, free of poison, lower prices and enhanced taste.
.So, most of the farmers switched over from inorganic to organic farming.
2. Cities are densely populated than the villages.
.Employment opportunities are more in the cities.
.Transport, Educational and medical facilities are advanced in urban areas.
.So, the cities are densely populated than the villages.
.3. Karur is Called the Textile Capital of Tamil Nadu.
.Karur is well known for marketing of handloom, power loom and readymade garments.
.Karur contribute a major share to the state’s economy through textiles.
. So, Karur is known as the ‘Textile capital of Tamil Nadu’.
VIII. Answer the following in a paragraph.
1. Write about the plantation farming of Tamil Nadu.
.Tea, coffee, cashew, rubber and cinchona are the major plantation crops of the state.
.Tamil Nadu ranks second in area and production of tea in India next to Assam.
.Tea plantations are found in the hills of the Nilgiris and Coimbatore.
.Coffee plants are grown in the hills of Western Ghats as well as Eastern Ghats.
.The Nilgiris and Yercaud in Salem are the notable regions for tea plantations.
. It is also found in the hilly slopes of Dindigul, Madurai, Theni and Dharmapuri districts.
. Tamil Nadu stands second in area and production of coffee next to Karnataka.
. Rubber plantations are significant in Kanyakumari.
. Pepper is confined to the warm and wet slopes of Eastern and Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Cashew is extensively cultivated in Cuddalore district.
2. Give an account on water resources of Tamil Nadu.
Water is the precious gift of nature to humankind and millions of other species living on the Earth. Major uses of water include human/animal consumption, irrigation and industrial use. The state is heavily dependent on monsoon rains.
The major water resources of Tamil Nadu are Multipurpose River Valley Project:
Multipurpose river valley projects are basically designed for the development of irrigation for agriculture, hydropower generation and many other purposes. The dam, park, major hydroelectric power stations, hills on the sides attract tourists. The important projects are
. Mettur Dam
. Vaigai Dam
. Krishnagiri Dam
. Mullaiperiyar Dam
. Amaravathi Dam
. Papanasam Dam
. Parampikulam Aliyar Project
. Bhavani Sagar Dam
. Manimuthar Dam
. Sathanur Dam
Surface Water resources:
.The total surface water potential of the state is about 24,864 mcm (million cubic metre).
.There are 17 major river basins in the state with 81 reservoirs and about 41,262 tanks.
.Most of the surface water has already been tapped, primarily for irrigation where water use is largest.
. An area of 24 lakh hectares of the land are irrigated by surface water through major, medium and minor schemes
Ground Water Resources:
.The utilizable groundwater resource of the state is 22,423 mcm. The current level of utilization of water is about 60 percent of the available recharge while 40 percent is the balance available for use.
3. Bring out the mineral distribution in Tamil Nadu.
.Tamil Nadu is the leading holder of country’s resources of vermiculite, magnetite, dunite, rutile, garnet, molybdenum and limonite.
.The state accounts for the country’s 55.3% of lignite, 75% of vermiculite, 59% of garnet, 52% of molybdenum and 30% of titanium mineral resources.
.Important minerals are found in the state are as follows - Neyveli has large lignite resources. Coal is also available in Ramanathapuram. Oil and gas are found in the Cauvery basin.
.Iron deposits are found in Kanjamalai region in Salem district and Kalrayan Malai region of Tiruvannamalai district.
. Magnesite ores are available near Salem.
.Bauxite is found in Servarayan Hills, Kotagiri, Udagamandalam, Palani and Kollimalai areas.
. Gypsum is obtained in Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi and Virudhunagar districts. Ilmenite and rutile are found in the sands of Kanyakumari beach.
. Limestone is available in Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dindigul, Kancheepuram, Karur, Madurai, Nagapattinam, Namakkal, Perambalur, Ramanathapuram, Salem and Tiruvallur districts. Magnesite is obtained in Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Karur, Namakkal, the Nilgiris, Salem, Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli and Vellore districts.
. Feldspar, quartz, copper and lead are also found in some parts of the state.
4. State the densely populated regions of Tamil Nadu and account for its high density.
Reasons for high density:
The average number of people living per unit of area particularly per sq.km is known as population density.
. The density of population in Tamil Nadu is 555 per sq.km as per the 2011 Census while it was 480 per sq.km in 2001.
.The state ranks 12th among the Indian states in population density.
. Chennai is the densest district with 26,903 persons per sq.km.
.Chennai is followed by Kanyakumari , Tiruvallur Kancheepuram, Madurai, Coimbatore. These are the regions with high density of population.
.Urbanisation and population concentration go hand in hand and are closely related to each other.
.Development of transport facilities in urban areas is also one causes for high density.
. Industrial growth officers message employment opportunities and acts as a great magnet to attract people.
.Availability of water plays a significant role in determining the population of a place. Therefore, most of the population is concentred in the river valleys.
.Climate is an important as Terrain in influencing population. A moderate climate is favourable for population.
5. Explain the different modes of transport available in Tamil Nadu.
Transport is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another. It helps in the development of civilizations. The different modes of transport are air, water and land transport.
.Roadways:
. The State has a total road length of 167,000 km in which 60,628km are maintained by state Highways Department.
. It ranks second in India with a share of over 20% in total road projects under operation in the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model.
. Types of roads are – i) National Highways ii) State Highways iii) Corporation & Municipalities Road iv) Panchayat Union Road v) Village Panchayat Road and vi) Forest roads
Railways:
. Tamil Nadu has a well-developed rail network as part of Southern Railway, headquartered at Chennai.
. The present Southern Railway network extends over a large area of India’s southern peninsula, covering Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, minor portions of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
.Tamil Nadu has a total railway track length of 6,693 km with 690 railway stations in the state.
. The Main railway junctions are Chennai, Coimbatore, Erode, Madurai, Salem, Tiruchirappalli and Tirunelveli.
. Chennai has a well-established suburban railway network, a mass rapid transport system(MRTS) and is currently developing a Metro system.
Airways:
. Tamil Nadu has four major international airports. Chennai International Airport is currently the third largest airport in India
. Other international airports in Tamil Nadu include Coimbatore, Madurai and Tiruchirapalli airports.
. It also has domestic airports at Tuticorin and Salem connecting several parts of the country. Increased industrial activity has given rise to an increase in passenger traffic as well as freight movement.
Waterways
.Tamil Nadu has three major ports namely Chennai, Ennore and Tuticorin.
. It has an intermediate port at Nagapattinam and 15 minor ports.
. All the minor ports are managed by the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board, Chennai Port.
. Nagapattinam is an artificial harbour and the second principal port in the country for handling containers.
. Ennore intermediate port was recently converted as a major port and handles the major coal and ore traffic in Tamil Nadu.
6. Write about Road safety rules
The road accidents in India are on very high level. Tamil Nadu leads in the number of road accidents in the country. Increase in road traffic, high speed of vehicles and violation of traffic rules are the causes of major of accidents. If we follow the basic road safety rules, road accidents can be reduced. They are
. Aware of the road signals
. Stop, look and cross
.Listen and ensure whether a vehicle is approaching;
.Don’t rush on roads;
. Cross roads in pedestrian crossings;
.Don’t stretch hands while driving vehicles;
.Never cross road at bends and stay safe in a moving vehicle
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